Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central mechanism for diversifying the cells
found in complex tissues. This dynamic process helps organize the formation of the body …

Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Although most current
obesity therapies are focused on reducing calorific intake, recent data suggest that …

Mature tubular epithelial cells in adult kidney can undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), a phenotypic conversion that is fundamentally linked to the pathogenesis of …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key
members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is generally considered as a central mediator of fibrotic
diseases. Indeed, much focus has been placed on inhibiting TGF-β and its downstream …

Adult humans have functional BAT, a new target for antiobesity and antidiabetes therapies
focusing on increasing energy expenditure. Future studies will refine the methodologies …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involving injured epithelial cells plays an
important role in the progression of fibrosis in the kidney. Tubular epithelial cells can acquire …

Vascular calcification is a common problem among the elderly and those with chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and diabetes. The process of tunica media vascular calcification in CKD …

Developmental processes are regulated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of
secreted molecules. BMPs bind to serine/threonine kinase receptors and signal through the …

In the kidney, a unique plasticity exists between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. During
kidney development, the metanephric mesenchyme contributes to emerging epithelium of …