The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has emerged as one of the regions most consistently impaired in
major depressive disorder (MDD). Although functional and structural PFC abnormalities …

Ketamine, a racemic mixture consisting of (S)-and (R)-ketamine, has been in clinical use
since 1970. Although best characterized for its dissociative anesthetic properties, ketamine …

Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric
diseases, and the ability to promote cortical neuron growth has been hypothesized to …

Our understanding of depression and its treatment has advanced with the advent of
ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the development and refinement of tools …

A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces
rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in depressed patients, addressing a major …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders.
Approximately one‐third of the patients with MDD are treatment resistant to the current …

Psychedelics have inspired new hope for treating brain disorders, as they seem to be unlike
any treatments currently available. Not only do they produce sustained therapeutic effects …

The pathophysiology and treatment of depression have been the focus of intense research
and while there is much that remains unknown, modern neurobiological approaches are …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of suicide in the world. Monoamine-
based antidepressant drugs are a primary line of treatment for this mental disorder, although …

Although the efficacy of racemate ketamine, a rapid onset and sustained antidepressant, for
patients with treatment-resistant depression was a serendipitous finding, clinical use of …