Liquid–liquid phase separation and related phase transitions have emerged as generic
mechanisms in living cells for the formation of membraneless compartments or biomolecular …

Many biomolecular condensates appear to form via spontaneous or driven processes that
have the hallmarks of intracellular phase transitions. This suggests that a common …

BACKGROUND Living cells contain distinct subcompartments to facilitate spatiotemporal
regulation of biological reactions. In addition to canonical membrane-bound organelles such …

Protein self-assembly is one of the formation mechanisms of biomolecular condensates.
However, most phase-separating systems (PS) demand multiple partners in biological …

Cells are compartmentalized by numerous membrane-enclosed organelles and
membraneless compartments to ensure that a wide variety of cellular activities occur in a …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers has recently been shown to play a
central role in the formation of membraneless organelles with a multitude of biological …

Liquid–liquid phase separation is a key organizational principle in eukaryotic cells, on par
with intracellular membranes. It allows cells to concentrate specific proteins into …

Actin is the main protein used by biological cells to adapt their structure and mechanics to
their needs. Cellular adaptation is made possible by molecular processes that strongly …

Life emerges from thousands of biochemical processes occurring within a shared
intracellular environment. We have gained deep insights from in vitro reconstitution of …