Restriction-modification (RM) systems are ubiquitous and are often considered primitive
immune systems in bacteria. Their diversity and prevalence across the prokaryotic kingdom …

Restriction–modification (RM) systems are composed of genes that encode a restriction
enzyme and a modification methylase. RM systems sometimes behave as discrete units of …

The roles of restriction-modification (RM) systems in providing immunity against horizontal
gene transfer (HGT) and in stabilizing mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been much …

One of the simplest classes of genes involved in programmed death is that containing the
toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems of prokaryotes. These systems are composed of an intracellular …

Toxin-antitoxin systems are very commonly found both on large, low-copy plasmids, where
they increase effective stability (35), and on bacterial chromosomes, where their function has …

We previously reported that the methicillin resistance gene mecA is carried by a novel type
of mobile genetic element, SCC mec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec), in the …

Restriction–modification (RM) systems are able to methylate or cleave DNA depending on
methylation status of their recognition site. It allows them to protect bacterial cells from …

In prokaryotic genomes, some DNA methyltransferases form a restriction-modification gene
complex, but some others are present by themselves. Dcm gene product, one of these …

Homologous recombination is the most complex of all recombination events that shape
genomes and produce material for evolution. Homologous recombination events are …

The restriction enzymes examined so far are phosphodiesterases, which cleave DNA
strands by hydrolysing phosphodiester bonds. Based on the mobility of restriction …