We seek to answer the question, What effect does international war participation have on the
ability of political leaders to survive in office? We develop a model of political reliability and …

This book provides the first detailed analysis of international rivalries, the long-standing and
often violent confrontations between the same pairs of states. The book addresses …

Instead of assuming that all actors are equally likely to clash, and that they do so
independently of previous clashes, rivalry analysis can focus on the small number of feuding …

The question of what causes war has concerned statesmen since the time of Thucydides.
The Steps to War utilizes new data on militarized interstate disputes from 1816 to 2001 to …

▪ Abstract The study of interstate rivalry, which has made major contributions to theory and
research on war, is reviewed, and new research on the role of territory in the origin and war …

This article studies the management of territorial claims using an issue-based approach that
reconceptualizes processes of interstate conflict and cooperation as reflecting contention …

This chapter provides one of the most important tests of the territorial explanation of war. It
tests the key proposition that territorial disputes are more likely to go to war than expected by …

In the past four decades scholars have produced a large literature on the relationship
between territory and war. What is clear is that territory has been and will continue to be a …

This book presents a general explanation of how states develop their foreign policy. The
theory stands in contrast to most approaches--which assume that states want to maximize …

I argue that democracy and peace are both symptoms—not causes—of the removal of
territorial issues between neighbors, and in this sense the “empirical law” of democratic …