Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Autophagy refers to the formation of autophagosomes by membrane wrapping part of the
cytoplasm and the organelles and proteins that need to be degraded in the cells …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-
mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of …

Autophagy-dependent cell death can be defined as cell demise that has a strict requirement
of autophagy. Although autophagy often accompanies cell death following many toxic …

Autophagosome formation and maturation involve the two ubiquitin-like systems: The ATG8
and ATG12 systems. ATG8 (LC3s and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor–associated …

Dysfunctional autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
(AD). Previous evidence suggested disruptions of multiple stages of the autophagy …

Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient
availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP …

Autophagy influences cell survival through maintenance of cell bioenergetics and clearance
of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Several lines of evidence indicate that …

The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for muscle health. Mitochondria,
indeed, play vital roles in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy supply, Ca2+ …