In the context of global environmental change much of the focus has been on changing
temperatures. However, patterns of rainfall and water availability have also been changing …

The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how
multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Aquatic insects are the dominant invertebrate fauna in most freshwater ecosystems, and
figure prominently in the work of a diverse range of researchers, students, and …

Sleep and rest can be satisfactorily explained as adaptive states 1, 2 whose core function is
energy conservation and behavioral regulation. In addition to these functions, certain …

A key endeavor in evolutionary physiology is to identify sources of among-and within-
individual variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Although males and females often differ …

Insects have the capacity to significantly modify their metabolic rate according to
environmental conditions and physiological requirement. Consequently, the respiratory …

Thermal limits in ectotherms may arise through a mismatch between O2 supply and
demand. At higher temperatures, the ability of their cardiac and ventilatory activities to …

During winter insects face energetic stress driven by lack of food, and thermal stress due to
sub-optimal and even lethal temperatures. To survive, most insects living in seasonal …

Metabolic rate and respiratory gas exchange patterns vary significantly both between and
within species, even after a number of biotic and abiotic factors are taken into account. This …