Influenza A viruses cause acute respiratory infections in swine that result in significant
economic losses for global pig production. Currently, three different subtypes of influenza A …

Antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses and the occasional introduction of influenza
viruses of novel subtypes into the human population complicate the timely production of …

Influenza A viruses are important pathogens with a very broad host spectrum including
domestic poultry and swine. For preventing clinical disease and controlling the spread …

Throughout the past few decades, numerous viral species have been generated as vaccine
vectors. Every viral vector has its own distinct characteristics. For example, the family …

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne bunyavirus that can cause serious and
fatal disease in humans and animals. RVFV is a negative-sense RNA virus of the …

Pigs can be severely harmed by influenza, and represent important reservoir hosts, in which
new human pathogens such as the recent pandemic swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus …

Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is an economically important swine pathogen. The IAV-S
hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein is the main target for vaccine development. In this study …

Influenza viruses are highly contagious, causing respiratory symptoms in humans, animals,
and birds. The flu viruses keep evolving in animals and poultry and ultimately jump species …

H9 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain a significant burden in the poultry industry
and are considered to be one of the most likely causes of any new influenza pandemic in …

Most commercial vaccines against swine influenza virus (SIV) are inactivated, multivalent
(H1N1, H3N2, and/or H1N2) whole‐virus vaccines with an adjuvant. In keeping with the …