Droplet microfluidics has revolutionized the study of single cells. The ability to
compartmentalize cells within picoliter droplets in microfluidic devices has opened up a wide …

Stochastic fluctuations of molecule numbers are ubiquitous in biological systems. Important
examples include gene expression and enzymatic processes in living cells. Such systems …

Biochemical reactions are intrinsically stochastic, leading to variation in the production of
mRNAs and proteins within cells. In the scientific literature, this source of variation is typically …

Droplet microfluidics allows the isolation of single cells and reagents in monodisperse
picoliter liquid capsules and manipulations at a throughput of thousands of droplets per …

Gene expression is a fundamentally stochastic process, with randomness in transcription
and translation leading to cell-to-cell variations in mRNA and protein levels. This variation …

In the three decades since pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were first described,
they have been derived and maintained by using various empirical combinations of feeder …

In microorganisms, noise in gene expression gives rise to cell-to-cell variability in protein
concentrations,,,,,,. In mammalian cells, protein levels also vary,, and individual cells differ …

A major goal of biology is to provide a quantitative description of cellular behaviour. This
task, however, has been hampered by the difficulty in measuring protein abundances and …

Genetically identical cells grown in the same culture display striking cell-to-cell
heterogeneity in gene expression and other traits. A crucial challenge is to understand how …

Noise in gene expression is generated at multiple levels, such as transcription and
translation, chromatin remodeling and pathway-specific regulation. Studies of individual …