Biodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often
associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history …

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. Ancient associations between plants and
microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant–pathogen interactions 74 IV. Evolutionary …

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with
plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However …

Time-calibrated species phylogenies are critical for addressing a wide range of questions in
evolutionary biology, such as those that elucidate historical biogeography or uncover …

Bayesian total-evidence dating involves the simultaneous analysis of morphological data
from the fossil record and morphological and sequence data from recent organisms, and it …

Although macroscopic plants, animals, and fungi are the most familiar eukaryotes, the bulk
of eukaryotic diversity is microbial. Elucidating the timing of diversification among the more …

Our ability to correlate biological evolution with climate change, geological evolution, and
other historical patterns is essential to understanding the processes that shape biodiversity …

Five decades have passed since the proposal of the molecular clock hypothesis, which
states that the rate of evolution at the molecular level is constant through time and among …

The evolution of organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis paralleled a long-term
reduction in atmospheric CO2 and the increase in O2. Consequently, the competition …

The rate of primary productivity is a keystone variable in driving biogeochemical cycles
today and has been throughout Earth's past. 1 For example, it plays a critical role in …