The Draf Ⅲ procedure involves the creation of a common frontal sinus cavity. The most
common indication for the Draf Ⅲ procedure is chronic rhinosinusitis of the frontal sinuses …

Frontal sinus fractures are an uncommon injury of the maxillofacial skeleton, and account for
5–15% of all maxillofacial fractures. As the force of impact increases, fractures may extend …

Introduction The frontal sinus (FS) is the most complex of the paranasal sinuses due to its
location, anatomical variations and multiple clinical presentations. The surgical …

The nasal cavity is a roughly cylindrical, midline airway passage that extends from the nasal
ala anteriorly to the choana posteriorly. It is divided in the midline by the nasal septum. On …

Background The endonasal access to the frontal recess and sinus may be complicated by a
variety of anatomical variations. Previous classifications of these variants were characterized …

Background The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) is an
international consensus document published in 2016 to standardize the nomenclature of …

This chapter provides the first descriptions of the intact paranasal sinuses of the Hofmeyr
cranium, which include both frontal sinuses and the right maxillary sinus, and compares …

Objective To examine the impact of 2-dimensional (2D) illustrations and 3-dimensonal (3D)–
printed anatomic models of the frontal sinuses according to the International Frontal Sinus …

Background To date, there are numerous studies documenting the prevalence of frontal
recess cells, but only 1 study using the newly developed International Frontal Sinus …

Background: Paranasal sinus pneumatization is a complex process, and numerous
computed tomography (CT) studies document developmental variations in the setting of …