Healthy user and related biases in observational studies of preventive interventions: a primer for physicians
WH Shrank, AR Patrick, M Alan Brookhart - Journal of general internal …, 2011 - Springer
The current emphasis on comparative effectiveness research will provide practicing
physicians with increasing volumes of observational evidence about preventive care …
physicians with increasing volumes of observational evidence about preventive care …
Conducting real-world evidence studies on the clinical outcomes of diabetes treatments
S Schneeweiss, E Patorno - Endocrine Reviews, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Real-world evidence (RWE), the understanding of treatment effectiveness in clinical
practice generated from longitudinal patient-level data from the routine operation of the …
practice generated from longitudinal patient-level data from the routine operation of the …
Instrumental variable methods for causal inference
A goal of many health studies is to determine the causal effect of a treatment or intervention
on health outcomes. Often, it is not ethically or practically possible to conduct a perfectly …
on health outcomes. Often, it is not ethically or practically possible to conduct a perfectly …
When and how can real world data analyses substitute for randomized controlled trials?
JM Franklin, S Schneeweiss - Clinical Pharmacology & …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
Regulators consider randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as the gold standard for evaluating
the safety and effectiveness of medications, but their costs, duration, and limited …
the safety and effectiveness of medications, but their costs, duration, and limited …
Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies
Noncausal associations between exposures and outcomes are a threat to validity of causal
inference in observational studies. Many techniques have been developed for study design …
inference in observational studies. Many techniques have been developed for study design …
One‐to‐many propensity score matching in cohort studies
Background Among the large number of cohort studies that employ propensity score
matching, most match patients 1: 1. Increasing the matching ratio is thought to improve …
matching, most match patients 1: 1. Increasing the matching ratio is thought to improve …
Estimates of all cause mortality and cause specific mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors among US veterans: cohort study
Objective To estimate all cause mortality and cause specific mortality among patients taking
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Design Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting US …
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Design Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting US …
Instruments for causal inference: an epidemiologist's dream?
The use of instrumental variable (IV) methods is attractive because, even in the presence of
unmeasured confounding, such methods may consistently estimate the average causal …
unmeasured confounding, such methods may consistently estimate the average causal …
Instrumental variables: An econometrician's perspective
G Imbens - 2014 - nber.org
ABSTRACT I review recent work in the statistics literature on instrumental variables methods
from an econometrics perspective. I discuss some of the older, economic, applications …
from an econometrics perspective. I discuss some of the older, economic, applications …
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: confounding by indication and the role of active comparators
R Sendor, T Stürmer - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Confounding by indication poses a significant threat to the validity of nonexperimental
studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from …
studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from …