This article examines the development of the Roman manipular legion, deployed from
roughly 350–100 bc. Given the unreliability of literary sources for the Roman army prior to …

In 133 and 123/122 BCE, the Gracchan reforms opened three cans of worms, pitting the
Roman landowning elites against their poorer compatriots, Roman economic interests …

THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES the Roman militia system from the end of the Third Macedonian
War to the outbreak of the Social War (167–91 BCE). This period saw dramatically lower …

Scholars, military men, and casual observers alike have devoted significant energy to
understanding how the armies of the Roman Middle Republic (300–100 BCE) were able to …

Jedną z charakterystycznych cech narracji Cezara poświęconej toczonym przez niego
wojnom jest eksponowanie zasług centurionów. Rodzi to pytanie, z jakiego powodu …

The article analyzes the state of research on the so-called military reform of Gaius Marius in
modern historiography. By analyzing the works of modern researchers of the Roman army …

This dissertation examines the social identity formation of Roman soldiers and veterans
during the late Republic and Augustan age. I argue that this identity formation occurred due …

Większość autorów piszących o tz w. reformach Mariusza nie zadaje sobie trudu, aby
prześledzić proces kształtowania się poświęconego im dyskursu. Tymczasem zwrócenie …

In the Late Roman Republic, the velites, the light infantry of the legions, are generally
thought to have disappeared in the course of the first century BCE. However, the sources do …

10 Cenzus ze 115/114 r. wykazał 394 336 obywateli płci męskiej (Liv. Per. 63), cenzus z
86/85 r.–ok. 463 tysiące (Hieronymi Chronicon,[w:] Eusebius Werke, Bd. 7, ed. R. Helm, Die …