The fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection in laboratory and space plasmas is
reviewed by discussing results from theory, numerical simulations, observations from space …

Magnetic reconnection is a topological rearrangement of magnetic field that converts
magnetic energy to plasma energy. Astrophysical flares, from the Earth's magnetosphere to …

The first self-consistent simulations of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in
a macroscale system are presented. Consistent with solar flare observations, the spectra of …

The tri-axial search-coil magnetometer (SCM) belongs to the FIELDS instrumentation suite
on the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission (Torbert et al. in Space Sci. Rev.(2014) …

The electron–cyclotron maser is a process that generates coherent radiation from plasma. In
the last two decades, it has gained increasing attention as a dominant mechanism of …

The heating of electrons in collisionless magnetic reconnection is explored in particle-in-cell
simulations with non-zero guide fields so that electrons remain magnetized. In this regime …

This is a tutorial and selective review explaining the fundamental concepts and some
currently open questions concerning the plasma phenomenon of the electron hole. The …

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are frequently detected in the Earth's magnetotail from XGSM=−
30 RE to XGSM=− 7 RE. How these DFs are formed is still poorly understood. Three …

The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA's
Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO)—a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the …

Measurements from the Cluster spacecraft of electric fields, magnetic fields, and ions are
used to study the structure and dynamics of the reconnection region in the tail at distances …