Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain
activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic …

A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence
of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective …

The gastrointestinal tract is the only internal organ to have evolved with its own independent
nervous system, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). This Review provides an …

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the
gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough …

Gut-brain axis is a dynamic, complex, and bidirectional communication network between the
gut and brain. Changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis are responsible for developing …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the
gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, and endocrine communication pathways between …

The enteric nervous system controls a variety of gastrointestinal functions including intestinal
motility. The minimal neuronal circuit necessary to direct peristalsis is well-characterized but …

Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain
functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain …

The gut microbial ecosystem communicates bidirectionally with the brain in what is known
as the gut-microbiome-brain axis. Bidirectional signaling occurs through several pathways …

Infants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although
there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to …