Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Compound hot–dry events—co-occurring hot and dry extremes—frequently cause damages
to human and natural systems, often exceeding separate impacts from heatwaves and …

Anthropogenic climate change is decreasing seasonal snowpacks globally, with potentially
catastrophic consequences on water resources, given the long-held reliance on snowpack …

Despite the recent prevalence of severe drought, California faces a broadly
underappreciated risk of severe floods. Here, we investigate the physical characteristics of …

Abstract The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) defines and
coordinates the main set of future climate projections, based on concentration-driven …

Compound weather and climate events describe combinations of multiple climate drivers
and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Although many climate …

Observed surface temperature trends over recent decades are characterized by (a)
intensified warming in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool and slight cooling in the eastern …

Heatwaves are becoming more frequent under climate change and can lead to thousands of
excess deaths. Adaptation to extreme weather events often occurs in response to an event …