The human genome encodes 538 protein kinases that transfer a γ-phosphate group from
ATP to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. Many of these kinases are associated with …

Due to the key role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of
immunoinflammatory diseases, TNF-α inhibitors have been successfully developed and …

Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in
large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to suppress immune pathologies by
preferentially expanding regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, this therapy has been limited …

The key to battling the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential aftermath is to develop a variety
of vaccines that are efficacious and safe, elicit lasting immunity, and cover a range of SARS …

The Notch signaling pathway regulates developmental cell-fate decisions and has recently
also been linked to inflammatory diseases. Although therapies targeting Notch signaling in …

Since the FDA approval of the first therapeutic antibody 35 years ago, antibody-based
products have gained prominence in the pharmaceutical market. Building on the early …

Despite some approvals of antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy, their clinical
success rate is unsatisfactory because of very small therapeutic windows, influenced by on …

Despite the popularity of targeted and immune therapies, the number of studies dealing with
the quantitation of aggregates for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European …

Modern size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be defined by the use of relatively small
columns (eg, 150× 4.6 mm) packed with sub-3 μm particles, allowing a 3-to 5-fold increase …