▪ Abstract The heme oxygenase (HO) system consists of two forms identified to date: the
oxidative stress–inducible protein HO-1 (HSP32) and the constitutive isozyme HO-2. These …

Over the last decade, studies have unraveled many aspects of endogenous production and
physiological functions of carbon monoxide (CO). The majority of endogenous CO is …

Stressed mammalian cells up-regulate heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1; EC 1.14. 99.3), which
catabolizes heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. To assess the potential role …

The majority of iron for essential mammalian biological activities such as erythropoiesis is
thought to be reutilized from cellular hemoproteins. Here, we generated mice lacking …

The Na+-K+-ATPase, or sodium pump, is the membrane-bound enzyme that maintains the
Na+ and K+ gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. Because of its …

Cerebellar Purkinje cells exhibit a unique type of synaptic plasticity, namely, long-term
depression (LTD). When two inputs to a Purkinje cell, one from a climbing fiber and the other …

DNA damage is related to a variety of degenerative diseases such as cancer,
atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, depending on the tissue affected …

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) used to be thought of simply as lethal
and (for H 2 S) smelly gaseous molecules; now they are known to have important signaling …

▪ Abstract The discovery that nitric oxide (NO) is produced by neurons and regulates
synaptic activity has challenged the definition of a neurotransmitter. NO is not stored in …

Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases,
including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the …