The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process whereby an endothelial cell
undergoes a series of molecular events that lead to a change in phenotype toward a …

Most patients with rare diseases do not receive a molecular diagnosis and the aetiological
variants and causative genes for more than half such disorders remain to be discovered …

Since 2000 there have been major advances in our understanding of the genetic and
genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), although there remains much to …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple
clinical conditions and may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion
of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of …

Since the 1st World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) in 1973, pulmonary
hypertension (PH) has been arbitrarily defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure …

Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position
confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that were initially discovered
on the basis of their ability to induce bone. Several decades of research have now …

Therapeutic options for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have increased over the last
decades. The advent of pharmacological therapies targeting the prostacyclin, endothelin …