Anisotropy is the characteristic of a material to exhibit variations in its mechanical, electrical,
thermal, optical properties, etc. along different directions. Anisotropic materials have …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Biocompatible conductors are important components for soft and stretchable bioelectronics
for digital healthcare, which have attracted extensive research efforts. Natural biopolymers …

Systems with programmable and complex shape morphing are highly desired in many fields
wherein sensing, actuation, and manipulation must be performed. Living organisms use …

Fibers and textiles with good flexibility, air permeability, and mechanical properties are
indispensable materials in our daily lives. With the rapid development of flexible electronics …

Nature endows numerous organisms with the ability to realize their basic physiological
activities through stimulus-responsive actuation. Inspired by these interesting biological …

Graphene fiber is a macroscopic carbonaceous fiber composed of microscopic graphene
sheets, and has attracted extensive attention. Graphene building blocks form a highly …

Photothermal conversion, as a rapid and effective form of energy conversion, has become
increasingly attractive in recent years. Among various photothermal agents, two-dimensional …

In the booming development of flexible electronics represented by electronic skins, soft
robots, and human–machine interfaces, 3D printing of hydrogels, an approach used by the …

Graphene has emerged as one of the promising nanoscale components of polymer
nanocomposites owing to its exceptional properties. The 2D graphene material, when …