Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are opportunistic pathogens
frequently co-isolated from polymicrobial infections. The infections where these pathogens …

Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the
antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced …

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove
multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore …

Bacteria harness an impressive repertoire of resistance mechanisms to evade the inhibitory
action of antibiotics. One such mechanism involves efflux pump-mediated extrusion of drugs …

Acinetobacter infections have high rates of mortality due to an increasing incidence of
infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) strains …

The complex composition of bacterial membranes has a significant impact on the
understanding of pathogen function and their development towards antibiotic resistance. In …

Aims This study examined the origins and evolution of the AdeABC, AdeFGH and AdeIJK
efflux pumps in the Acinetobacter genus, including human and animal pathogens and …

Highlights•RND pumps of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, fall into three different
categories.•The three categories of efflux pumps participate in different physiological …