To investigate the normative trajectory of self-esteem across the life span, this meta-analysis
synthesizes the available longitudinal data on mean-level change in self-esteem. The …

Low self-esteem and depression are strongly related, but there is not yet consistent
evidence on the nature of the relation. Whereas the vulnerability model states that low self …

In virtually all areas of psychology, the question of whether a particular construct has a
prospective effect on another is of fundamental importance. For decades, the cross-lagged …

We used a data set with n= 1,603 learners of foreign languages (FL) to develop and validate
the short form of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (S‐FLES). The data was split into 2 …

Several studies have investigated the use of virtual reality (VR) in tourism, but none has
taken an epidemiological outlook. This research examined the use of VR in tourism through …

This study extends the classic constructive dialogue/debate between self-concept and self-
efficacy researchers (Marsh, Roche, Pajares, & Miller, 1997) regarding the distinctions …

Abstract The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) is a well-established instrument
for measuring achievement emotions in educational research and beyond. Its popularity …

In this study, we examined the effect of family environment on self-esteem development from
late childhood (age 10) through adolescence (age 16), using 4-wave longitudinal data from …

Bayesian statistics is on the rise in mainstream psychology, but applications in sport and
exercise psychology research are scarce. In this article, the foundations of Bayesian …

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in therapies that include the learning of
mindfulness skills. The 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) has been …