New Findings What is the topic of this review? We review sex differences within
physiological systems implicated in exercise performance; specifically, how they integrate to …

Objectives Two distinct types of specific respiratory muscle training (RMT), ie respiratory
muscle strength (resistive/threshold) and endurance (hyperpnoea) training, have been …

Breathing is an essential behavior that presents a unique opportunity to understand how the
nervous system functions normally, how it balances inherent robustness with a highly …

In humans, when the stability of the trunk is challenged in a controlled manner by repetitive
movement of a limb, activity of the diaphragm becomes tonic but is also modulated at the …

It is commonly held that the respiratory system has ample capacity relative to the demand for
maximal O2 and CO2 transport in healthy humans exercising near sea level. However, this …

The volume of adult female lungs is typically 10–12% smaller than that of males who have
the same height and age. In this study, we investigated how this volume difference is …

Introduction This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the physiology and
pathophysiology of expiratory muscle function in ICU patients, as shared by academic …

In the healthy, untrained young adult, a case is made for a respiratory system (airways,
pulmonary vasculature, lung parenchyma, respiratory muscles, and neural ventilatory …

Background: Dynamic hyperinflation of the lungs impairs exercise performance in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unclear which patients are affected by …

From a functional point of view, there are three groups of respiratory muscles: the
diaphragm, the rib cage muscles and the abdominal muscles. Each group acts on the chest …