Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs play a critical role in death receptor-initiated extrinsic as well
as mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathways. JNKs activate apoptotic signaling by the …

The molecular details of mammalian stress-activated signal transduction pathways have
only begun to be dissected. This, despite the fact that the impact of these pathways on the …

Cells are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and have to decide 'to
be or not to be'depending on the types and strength of stress. Among the many signaling …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine kinases that
are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine residues in response to a …

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G proteins provide signal-coupling mechanisms to heptahelical cell surface receptors and
are critically involved in the regulation of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) …

The purine nucleoside adenosine acts via four distinct adenosine receptor subtypes: the
adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor. They are all G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) …

Part of the cellular response to toxins, physical stresses and inflammatory cytokines occurs
by signalling via the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and p38 reactivating kinase …

Receptors coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are integral
membrane proteins involved in the transmission of signals from the extracellular …