The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are
specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the …

Background Anxiety is characterized by prolonged preparation for real or perceived threat.
This may manifest both as psychological and physiological activation, ultimately leading to …

Background Panic disorder (PD) occurs in 3.4–4.7% of the general population. Although
accumulating evidence suggests that some inflammatory processes play a role in the …

Maternal prenatal psychological symptoms are associated with child health outcomes, eg,
atopic diseases. Altered prenatal functioning of the immune system is a potential mechanism …

Previous studies have investigated the role of inflammatory markers in suicidality of patients
with major depressive disorder (MDD) or panic disorder (PD). However, few studies have …

Objective Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world and it has several
adverse effects such as anxiety, panic reactions and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we …

A series of evidence suggests that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in
central nervous system (CNS) functions. However, previous studies have obtained …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that only occurs in the
aftermath of traumatic event exposure and is characterized by an impaired stress response …

Background Accumulating evidence has shown the important role of the inflammatory
process in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, the relative levels of …