A wealth of research from the past two decades shows that addictive behaviors are
characterized by attentional biases for substance-related stimuli. We review the relevant …

Theoretical models of addiction suggest that attentional bias for substance-related cues
should be associated with self-reported craving. The authors evaluated the strength of the …

Background The idea that behaviour can be influenced at population level by altering the
environments within which people make choices (choice architecture) has gained traction in …

If reward-associated cues acquire the properties of incentive stimuli they can come to
powerfully control behavior, and potentially promote maladaptive behavior. Pavlovian …

Decisions about using addictive substances are influenced by distractions by addiction-
related stimuli, of which the user might be unaware. The addiction-Stroop task is a paradigm …

Learning to associate the probability and value of behavioral outcomes with specific stimuli
(value learning) is essential for rational decision making. However, in demanding cognitive …

Over the past several years, drug addiction has increasingly been accepted to be a disease
of the brain as opposed to simply being due to a lack of willpower or personality flaw …

A meta-analysis of 89 effect sizes based on the responses of 19,930 participants was
conducted to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between substance-related implicit …

A number of studies using the dot-probe task now report the existence of an attentional bias
to angry faces in participants who rate highly on scales of anxiety; however, no equivalent …

Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease
(PD); it provides substantial benefit for most patients, extends independence, and increases …