Germinal centers (GCs) are important sites of antibody affinity maturation. In the classical
model, the GC dark zone contains large centroblasts that are rapidly proliferating and …

Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by
decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of …

How precursor frequencies and antigen affinities impact interclonal B cell competition is a
particularly relevant issue for candidate germline-targeting HIV vaccine designs because of …

Vaccines work largely by generating long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), but knowledge of how
such cells are recruited is sparse. Although it is clear that LLPCs preferentially originate in …

Despite the importance of memory B cells in protection from reinfection, how such memory
cells are selected and generated during germinal-center (GC) reactions remains unclear …

Antigen-activated B cells diversify variable regions of B cell antigen receptors by somatic
hypermutation in germinal centers (GCs). The positive selection of GC B cells that acquire …

High-affinity B cell selection in the germinal center (GC) is governed by signals delivered by
follicular helper T (Tfh) cells to B cells. Selected B cells undergo clonal expansion and …

B lymphocytes perform somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination (CSR) of the
immunoglobulin locus to generate an antibody repertoire diverse in both affinity and …

Recent clinical trials using antibodies with low toxicity and high efficiency have raised
expectations for the development of next-generation protein therapeutics. However, the …

IgE antibodies with high affinity for their antigens can be stably cross-linked at low
concentrations by trace amounts of antigen, whereas IgE antibodies with low affinity bind …