▪ Abstract We review the physiological, molecular, and neural mechanisms of insect color
vision. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses reveal that the basic bauplan, UV-blue-green …

Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single radiation of plant-
feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past two decades, building on a …

Summary Butterflies (Papilionoidea), with over 18,000 described species [1], have
captivated naturalists and scientists for centuries. They play a central role in the study of …

It is commonly assumed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolves at a faster rate than
nuclear DNA (nuDNA) in animals. This has contributed to the popularity of mtDNA as a …

▪ Abstract Insect molecular systematics has undergone remarkable recent growth. Advances
in methods of data generation and analysis have led to the accumulation of large amounts of …

Increasing the number of characters used in phylogenetic studies is the next crucial step
towards generating robust and stable phylogenetic hypotheses—ie, strongly supported and …

The evolutionary diversification of spiders is attributed to spectacular innovations in silk.
Spiders are unique in synthesizing many different kinds of silk, and using silk for a variety of …

We analyzed 12 combined mitochondrial and nuclear gene datasets in seven orders of
insects using both equal weights parsimony (to evaluate phylogenetic utility) and Bayesian …

Abstract The superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) is a diverse
group of parasitoid wasps that are parasitoids of nine orders of insects as well as spiders …

Background In the mega-diverse insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths; 165,000
described species), deeper relationships are little understood within the clade Ditrysia, to …