This work provides an overview of the recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing
chromophores active in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral range. Herein the …

In this review paper, some of the important fundamentals in the chemistry of cyanine dyes
were explained. This include topics like structure and resonance forms of cyanine dyes …

Heptamethine indocyanines are invaluable probes for near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Despite
broad use, there are only a few synthetic methods to assemble these molecules, and each …

Small-molecule fluorophores manifest the ability of chemistry to solve problems in biology.
As we noted in a previous review (Lavis, LD; Raines, RT ACS Chem. Biol. 2008, 3, 142 …

It is well-known that the solvent can strongly influence the course, rate, and equilibrium
position of many chemical reactions. 1, 2 The position and intensity of the bands in the …

A fluorescent dye, 2, 5-bis (6-amine-benzoxazol-2-yl) thiophene (BBTA), was synthesized by
a two-step reaction from starting material 2, 5-bis (benzoxazol-2-yl) thiophene (BBT). BBTA …

A near‐infrared‐absorbing heptamethine (HM+) incorporating three bulky benzo [cd] indole
heterocycles was designed to efficiently prevent self‐aggregation of the dye, which results in …

As a functional dye, cyanine dye promotes the widespread application of bioprobes in the
fields of medicine, genetics and environment, owing to its advantages of good photophysical …

The cyanine fluorophores, a kind of classic organic fluorophores, are famous for their high
extinction coefficient, simple synthetic route, and relatively long absorption and emission …

Cyanines are indispensable fluorophores that form the chemical basis of many fluorescence-
based applications. A feature that distinguishes cyanines from other common fluorophores is …