Helical microswimmers are suitable for propelling at low Reynolds numbers. To date,
artificial microswimmers with rigid helical tails have been significantly developed. However …

The use of machine learning techniques in the development of microscopic swimmers has
drawn considerable attention in recent years. In particular, reinforcement learning has been …

State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic
surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, the requirements of …

Enzymes are appealing diagnostic targets because of their centrality in human health and
disease. Continuous efforts spanning several decades have yielded methods for …

The inertialess fluid–structure interactions of active and passive inextensible filaments and
slender-rods are ubiquitous in nature, from the dynamics of semi-flexible polymers and …

Sperm cells undergo a wide variety of swimming patterns by a beating flagellum to maintain
high speed regardless of the rheological and physical properties of the background fluid. In …

Micron-scale swimmers move in the realm of negligible inertia, dominated by viscous drag
forces. In this paper, we formulate the leading-order dynamics of a slender multi-link (N-link) …

The shoulder plays a crucial role in moving the upper limb. It is capable of articulating in
three degreesof-freedom, which enables the arm to perform kinematically complex …

We investigate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions between microorganisms swimming
at low Reynolds numbers, treating them as a control system. We employ Lie brackets …

Some micro-organisms and artificial micro-swimmers propel at low Reynolds numbers (Re)
via the interaction of their flexible appendages with the surrounding fluid. While their …