Most early studies of consciousness have focused on human subjects. This is
understandable, given that humans are capable of reporting accurately the events they …

The vertebrate spinal cord is organized across three developmental axes, anterior‐posterior
(AP), dorsal‐ventral (DV), and medial‐lateral (ML). Patterning of these axes is regulated by …

Amphioxus neuroanatomy is important not just in its own right but also for the insights it
provides regarding the evolutionary origin and basic organization of the vertebrate nervous …

Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons (CSFcNs) occur in various brain regions of lower
vertebrates. In mammals, they are restricted to medullospinal areas, and little is known about …

The evolution of the nervous system has been a topic of great interest. To gain more insight
into the evolution of the peripheral sensory system, we used the cephalochordate …

Background Amphioxus, representing the most basal group of living chordates, is the best
available proxy for the last invertebrate ancestor of the chordates. Although the central …

Although brain organization in lampreys is of great interest for understanding evolution in
vertebrates, knowledge of early development is very scarce. Here, the development of the …

To investigate the evolutionary transition that has shaped the catecholaminergic systems of
vertebrates, the organization of catecholamine‐synthesizing neurons and the nature of the …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is circulating around the entire central nervous system (CNS).
The main function of the CSF has been thought to insure the global homeostasis of the CNS …

Background The evolutionary origin of the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the
vertebrate brain, remains obscure. Since no obvious counterpart to the telencephalon has …