A wide variety of papers have reviewed what is known about the function of primary visual
cortex. In this review, rather than stating what is known, we attempt to estimate how much is …

The primary visual cortex (area V1) of mammals has been the subject of intense study for at
least four decades. Hubel and Wiesel's original studies in the early 1960s created a …

In this article, we explore two forms of selectivity in sensory neurons. The first we call classic
selectivity, referring to the stimulus that optimally stimulates a neuron. If a neuron is linear …

The complexity of the brain and the protean nature of behavior remain the most elusive area
of science, but also the most important. van Hemmen and Sejnowski invited 23 experts from …

A well-known property of orientation-tuned neurons in the visual cortex is that they are
suppressed by the superposition of an orthogonal mask. This phenomenon has been …

From the earliest stages of sensory processing, neurons show inherent non-linearities: the
response to a complex stimulus is not a sum of the responses to a set of constituent basis …

Linear operations can only partially exploit the statistical redundancies of natural scenes,
and nonlinear operations are ubiquitous in visual cortex. However, neither the detailed …

One of the fundamental unanswered questions in visual science regards how the visual
system attains a high degree of invariance (eg, position invariance, size invariance, etc.) …

Texture patterns on surfaces provide powerful cues to the three-dimensional shapes of
objects. The perceived shapes, however, can be veridical or distorted depending on the …

Cross-orientation suppression (COS) in striate cortex has been implicated in the efficient
encoding of visual stimuli. We show that release from COS facilitates the decoding of 3-D …