Recent years have seen substantial efforts aimed at constructing artificial cells from various
molecular components with the aim of mimicking the processes, behaviours and …

A major goal of synthetic biology is to understand the transition between non-living matter
and life. The bottom-up development of an artificial cell would provide a minimal system with …

The ability to build synthetic cellular populations from the bottom-up provides the
groundwork to realize minimal living tissues comprising single cells which can communicate …

Cells that grow in confined spaces eventually build up mechanical compressive stress. This
growth-induced pressure decreases cell growth. Growth-induced pressure is important in a …

In vivo, the interior and exterior of cells is populated by various macromolecules that create
an extremely crowded milieu. Yet again, in vitro eukaryotic cell culture is conducted in dilute …

All living cells are crowded with macromolecules. Crowding can directly modulate
biochemical reactions to various degrees depending on the sizes, shapes, and binding …

Compartmentalization is crucial for the functioning of cells. Membranes enclose and protect
the cell, regulate the transport of molecules entering and exiting the cell, and organize …

Functional materials from the microfluidic-based droplet community are emerging as
enabling tools for various applications in tissue engineering and cell biology. The innovative …

Cell sheet tissue engineering requires prolonged in vitro culture for the development of
implantable devices. Unfortunately, lengthy in vitro culture is associated with cell phenotype …

Many cellular condensates are heterotypic mixtures of proteins and RNA formed in complex
environments. Magnesium ions (Mg 2+) and ATP can impact RNA folding, and local …