Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are inherently complex with their interrelation for
triggering the pathogenesis of diabetes also somewhat undefined. Both pathogenic states …

Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells
through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the …

A significant portion of the genome is transcribed as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs),
several of which are known to control gene expression. The repertoire and regulation of …

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin secretion and aberrant
glucagon secretion resulting from changes in pancreatic islet cell function and/or mass. The …

It is well established that regular physiological stimulation by glucose plays a crucial role in
the maintenance of the β-cell differentiated phenotype. In contrast, prolonged or repeated …

Two major initiatives are under way to correct the β-cell deficit of diabetes: one would
generate β-cells ex vivo that are suitable for transplantation, and the second would stimulate …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding ribonucleotides that bind mRNAs and function
mainly as translational repressors in mammals. MicroRNAs have been implicated to play a …

P-coumaric acid (p-CA, 3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid), the major component widely
found in nutritious plant foods, has various antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer …

Hepatocyte nuclear factors 3 α, β, and γ (Foxa-1,-2, and-3) are transcriptional activators of
important metabolic genes in the liver that are suppressed by the actions of insulin. Here, we …

A First Course in Systems Biology is an introduction for advanced undergraduate and
graduate students to the growing field of systems biology. Its main focus is the development …