Respiratory viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) trigger distinct clinical outcomes defined by immunity …

Resting memory B cells can be divided into classical or atypical groups, but the
heterogenous marker expression on activated memory B cells makes similar classification …

The development of the human immune system lasts for several years after birth. The impact
of this maturation phase on the quality of adaptive immunity and the acquisition of …

Currently, there are a large number of reports about the development of autoimmune
conditions after COVID-19. Also, there have been cases of sarcoid-like granulomas in …

The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity, as well as long-term
adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial …

Despite decades of intense research, our understanding of the correlates of protection
against Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) infection and disease remains incomplete. T follicular …

Introduction Follicular helper T cells are essential for helping in the maturation of B cells and
the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during primary viral infections. However …

Background Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are pivotal in B cell responses. Activation of the
purinergic receptor P2X7 on Tfh cells regulates their activity. We investigated the ATP …

Overwhelming evidence has shown that aging is a significant risk factor for COVID-19-
related hospitalizations, death and other adverse health outcomes. Particular T cell subsets …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in the antiviral immune response in patients with
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, whether Treg cells are involved in the …