This is a review about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its mean
structure, temporal variability, controlling mechanisms, and role in the coupled climate …

European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) are southern,
warm water species that prefer temperatures warmer than those found in boreal waters. After …

Abstract The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system
because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The …

During the past decade, record-high salinities have been observed in the Atlantic Inflow to
the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, which feeds the North Atlantic thermohaline …

The recent expansion of Atlantic waters into the Arctic Ocean represents undisputable
evidence of the rapid changes occurring in this region. Understanding the past variability of …

The oceans regulate our weather and climate from global to regional scales. They absorb
over 90% of accumulated heat in the climate system (IPCC Citation 2013) and over a quarter …

Within the last Millennium, the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ca.
1000–1300CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1400–1800CE) has been recorded in a …

Hydrographic time series in the northeast North Atlantic and Nordic Seas show that the
freshening trend of the 1960s–1990s has completely reversed in the upper ocean. Since the …

Time series of T and S extending through 2001 are used to describe propagation of the
“Great Salinity Anomaly” of the 1990s (GSA'90s). Comparison of the distance‐time relations …

Ocean state estimates from 1958 to 2005 from the Simple Ocean Assimilation System
(SODA) system are analyzed to understand circulation between subtropical and subpolar …