Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

We commonly acknowledge that bacterial viruses (phages) shape the composition and
evolution of bacterial communities in nature and therefore have important roles in ecosystem …

Bacteria carry diverse genetic systems to defend against viral infection, some of which are
found within prophages where they inhibit competing viruses. Phage satellites pose …

Bacteria and archaea have developed multiple antiviral mechanisms, and genomic
evidence indicates that several of these antiviral systems co-occur in the same strain. Here …

The cell-autonomous innate immune system enables animal cells to resist viral infection.
This system comprises an array of sensors that, after detecting viral molecules, activate the …

Bacteria have evolved diverse immunity mechanisms to protect themselves against the
constant onslaught of bacteriophages,–. Similar to how eukaryotic innate immune systems …

Bacteria encode sophisticated anti-phage systems that are diverse and versatile and display
high genetic mobility. How this variability and mobility occurs remains largely unknown …

Highlights•Many antiphage systems trigger regulated death of the infected cell.•Regulated
cell death protects the nearby population from the spread of infection.•Over 70% of …

Prokaryotes have numerous mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that mediate horizontal gene
transfer (HGT) between cells. These elements can be costly, even deadly, and cells use …

Most bacteria and archaea possess multiple antiviral defence systems that protect against
infection by phages, archaeal viruses and mobile genetic elements. Our understanding of …