Abstract Background Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are principal pericellular
and extracellular components that form regulatory milieu involving numerous biological and …

▪ Abstract Virtually every cell type in metazoan organisms produces heparan sulfate. These
complex polysaccharides provide docking sites for numerous protein ligands and receptors …

Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed the lives of
over one million people worldwide. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Among the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome, there are∼ 30,000–40,000 protein-
coding genes, but the function of at least half of them remains unknown. A new tool—short …

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and has critical
physiological functions. CS is widely applied in medical and clinical fields. Currently, the …

RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly conserved gene silencing mechanism that uses double-
stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a signal to trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA. The …

Abstract Vitamin C (Vit C) benefits to human skin physiology notably by stimulating the
biosynthesis of collagen. The main cutaneous collagens are types I and III, which are less …

RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most importantly protective phenomena forming from
the process combating against virus. Since its high efficiency for silencing the expression of …

Aims This review is intended to update our previous discussion on the chemoenzymatic
synthesis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates,(1) with new emphasis placed on …

Heparan sulfate is one of the most informationally rich biopolymers in Nature. Its simple
sugar backbone is variously modified to different degrees depending on the cellular …