A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple
animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized
by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies,
including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …

Simple Summary The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to micro-
and macro-vascular complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. These …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with
prevalence increasing at an alarming rate worldwide and today, there are no known cures …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in
hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of …

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, the activation of which
plays an important role in the development of diabetic microvascular complications. The …

NOX5 (NADPH oxidase 5) is a homolog of the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte NOX,
which generates reactive oxygen species. NOX5 is involved in sperm motility and vascular …

Excessive production of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in diabetic
kidney disease (DKD). Here, we provide key findings demonstrating the predominant …