Publisher Summary This chapter updates former reviews on locust polyphenism and also
discusses recent findings. Over 200 articles were published in scientific journals on various …

The theory of warning signals dates back to Wallace but is still confusing, controversial and
complex. Because predator avoidance of warningly coloured prey (aposematism) is based …

Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks
and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It …

▪ Abstract Mimicry and warning color are highly paradoxical adaptations. Color patterns in
both Müllerian and Batesian mimicry are often determined by relatively few pattern …

Aposematism is the association, in a prey organism, of the presence of a warning signal with
unprofitability to predators. The origin of aposematism is puzzling, because of its predicted …

Conspicuous warning signals of unprofitable prey are a defense against visually hunting
predators. They work because predators learn to associate unprofitability with bright …

Gene duplication followed by adaptive evolution is one of the primary forces for the
emergence of new gene function. Here we describe the recent proliferation, transposition …

Understanding the early evolution of aposematic (warning) coloration has been a challenge
for scientists, as a new conspicuous morph in a population of cryptic insects would have a …

This article suggests how we might understand the way potential predators see coloration
patterns used in aposematism and visual mimicry. We start by briefly reviewing work on …

Many animals advertise their chemical defense to predators with conspicuous coloration
and unpalatability, but little is known about the information in these signal elements. To …