Small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and
constitute a superfamily consisting of more than 100 members. This superfamily is …

The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living
cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast …

SUMMARY A cascade of three protein kinases known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) cascade is commonly found as part of the signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells …

Asymmetric cell division, which includes cell polarization and cytokinesis, is essential for
generating cell diversity during development. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

Cdc42p is an essential GTPase that belongs to the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like GTPases.
These proteins act as molecular switches by responding to exogenous and/or endogenous …

The establishment of cell polarity is critical for the development of many organisms and for
the function of many cell types. A large number of studies of diverse organisms from yeast to …

The actin cytoskeleton provides the structural basis for cell polarity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae as well as most other eukaryotes. In Part I of this two-part commentary, presented …

Assembly at the mother–bud neck of a filamentous collar containing five septins (Cdc3,
Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1) is necessary for proper morphogenesis and cytokinesis …

The adaptive response to hyperosmotic stress in yeast, termed the high osmolarity glycerol
(HOG) response, is mediated by two independent upstream pathways that converge on the …

p21-activated kinases (Paks) are a highly conserved family of enzymes that bind to and are
activated by small GTPases of the Cdc42 and Rac families. With the notable exception of …