Approximately 10% of women report smoking during pregnancy. The number of
breastfeeding women who relapse back to smoking is even greater. Smoking may cause …

Tobacco smoking is still a widespread habit in pregnant and breastfeeding women. While
the role of these risk factors on neonatal outcomes has been deeply studied, their effect on …

Objective Research evidence has shown that bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression
(UD) are both related to inflammatory dysregulation, but few studies have compared the …

Objective Inflammatory cytokines have been suggested to be the trait or state markers of
bipolar disorder, but with inconsistent results. This may be related to small sample sizes and …

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent among patients with
bipolar disorder. MetS may cause complications in the brain, but studies investigating MetS …

Background Breast milk is known to contain many bioactive hormones and peptides, which
can influence infant growth and development. In this context, the purpose of this study was to …

Scope Modifying the composition of colostrum by external factors may provide opportunities
to improve the infant's health. Here, we evaluated how fish oil and/or probiotics …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a predominant immunoglobulin present in human breast milk and
is known to play an important role in infant gut immunity maturation. Breast milk composition …

Background Neuroinflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder
Depression (BDD) and altered levels of inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte …

Background: Breast milk concentrations of immune components are variable between
women and interleukin (IL) differences may be associated with infant outcomes. Molecular …