Immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of many malignancies but is
infrequently associated with durable objective responses when used as a standalone …

The ultimate goal of radiation oncology is to eradicate tumours without toxicity to non-
malignant tissues. FLASH radiotherapy, or the delivery of ultra-high dose rates of radiation …

Recent oncological studies identified beneficial properties of radiation applied at ultrahigh
dose rates, several orders of magnitude higher than the clinical standard of the order of Gy …

Ultrahigh–dose rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is a potentially paradigm-shifting
treatment modality that holds the promise of expanding the therapeutic index for nearly any …

Radiation exposures at ultrahigh dose rates (UHDRs) at several orders of magnitude greater
than in current clinical radiotherapy (RT) have been shown to manifest differential …

In their seminal paper from 2014, Fauvadon et al. coined the term FLASH irradiation to
describe ultra‐high‐dose rate irradiation with dose rates greater than 40 Gy/s, which results …

The biological effects of radiation dose to organs at risk surrounding tumor target volumes
are a major dose-limiting constraint in radiotherapy. This can mean that the tumor cannot be …

Simple Summary Dose and efficacy of radiation therapy are limited by the toxicity to normal
tissue adjacent to the treated tumor region. Recently, ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy …

In studies of electron and proton radiotherapy, ultrahigh dose rates of FLASH radiotherapy
appear to produce fewer toxicities than standard dose rates while maintaining local tumor …

Radiotherapy should have low toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be very
effective in cell killing in the target region (tumour). In this regard, ions heavier than protons …