Medical micro/nanorobots have received tremendous attention over the past decades owing
to their potential to be navigated into hard-to-reach tissues for a number of biomedical …

This work reviews the present position of and surveys future perspectives in the physics of
chaotic advection: the field that emerged three decades ago at the intersection of fluid …

A major puzzle in biology is how mammalian sperm maintain the correct swimming direction
during various phases of the sexual reproduction process. Whilst chemotaxis may dominate …

Mother nature utilizes an assembly of beating cilia to transport liquid in various
circumstances. The arrays of these hair-like cellular appendages also aid in propelling …

Flagellar beating drives sperm through the female reproductive tract and is vital for
reproduction. Flagellar waves are generated by thousands of asymmetric molecular …

Rheotaxis, the directed response to fluid velocity gradients, has been shown to facilitate
stable upstream swimming of mammalian sperm cells along solid surfaces, suggesting a …

Cilia and flagella are hair-like appendages that protrude from the surface of a variety of
eukaryotic cells and deform in a wavelike fashion to transport fluids and propel cells …

Many micro-organisms find themselves immersed in fluids displaying non-Newtonian
rheological properties such as viscoelasticity and shear-thinning viscosity. The effects of …

Shear-thinning is an important rheological property of many biological fluids, such as mucus,
whereby the apparent viscosity of the fluid decreases with shear. Certain microscopic …

The swimming behaviour of micro-organisms can be strongly influenced by the rheology of
their fluid environment. In this article, we experimentally investigate the effects of shear …