Microorganisms are ubiquitous on Earth and can inhabit almost every environment. In a
complex heterogeneous environment or in face of ecological disturbance, the microbes …

Enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms usually catalyze chemical reactions in non-
standard conditions. Such conditions promote aggregation, precipitation, and denaturation …

DNA ligases seal 5′-PO 4 and 3′-OH polynucleotide ends via three nucleotidyl transfer
steps involving ligase-adenylate and DNA-adenylate intermediates. DNA ligases are …

Proteins from halophilic organisms, which live in extreme saline conditions, have evolved to
remain folded at very high ionic strengths. The surfaces of halophilic proteins show a biased …

The tree of life shows the relationship between all organisms based on their common
ancestry. Until 1977, it comprised two major branches: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Work by …

Halophilic archea (halobacteriae) thrive in hypersaline environments, avoiding osmotic
shock by increasing the ion concentration of their cytoplasm by up to 3–6 M. To remain …

ABSTRACT The Dead Sea is unique compared to other extreme halophilic habitats. Its
salinity exceeds 34%, and it is getting saltier. The Dead Sea environment is characterized by …

Archaea are abundant and drive critical microbial processes in the Earth's cold biosphere.
Despite this, not enough is known about the molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation and …

The genome of Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6) contains a sequence that shows
similarity to eubacterial NAD+-dependent DNA ligases. The 615-amino acid open reading …

RNA ligases are important enzymes in molecular biology and are highly useful for the
manipulation and analysis of nucleic acids, including adapter ligation in next-generation …