In this review I show that the '3/4-power scaling law'of metabolic rate is not universal, either
within or among animal species. Significant variation in the scaling of metabolic rate with …

Body size as an ecologically important characteristic has received significant attention in
recent years (15, 93, 143, 148). These reviews however, deal primarily with higher …

Clonal animals, that is those that are genetically identical, are of great importance in biology.
The supposed evolutionary advantages of sexual versus asexual reproduction are one of …

In this review I show that four major kinds of theoretical approaches have been used to
explain the scaling of metabolic rate in cells, organisms and groups of organisms in relation …

Phytoplankton life forms, including unicells, colonies, pseudocolonies, and multicellular
organisms, span a huge size range. The smallest unicells are less than 1 µm3 (eg …

Constraints on organisms possessing a unitary body plan appear almost absent from
colonial organisms. Like unitary organisms, however, coral colonies seemingly delay …

Metabolism is the process by which individual organisms acquire energy and materials from
their environment and use them for maintenance, differentiation, growth, and reproduction …

The indeterminate growth potential of many clonal organisms sets them apart from solitary
organisms on two demographic counts:(1) fecundity may increase indeterminately and (2) …

Existing life-history concepts deal inadequately with clonal organisms. To make them more
generally applicable, several assumptions must be widened:(i) life histories may be …

Benthic colonial invertebrates share with higher plants a modular construction and a sessile
adult life. Both types of organism show parallel evolutionary responses to common selective …