Governments procure renewables through a variety of mechanisms. Contracts for difference
(CfDs) have been used for more than 50% of the global offshore wind supply. The payments …

The surge in gas prices due to the Ukrainian war has sparked a European energy crisis,
triggering discussions about overhauling electricity markets. The European Commission …

Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe's energy infrastructure.
Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as …

Abstract On the January 23, 2023, the European Commission launched a public
consultation on the reform of the EU's electricity market design. Here we provide our …

In February 2021, winter storm Uri blanketed Texas with extreme cold for several days.
Thermal generators failed, and heating demand surged, creating a 37% shortfall between …

Since 1977, the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR) has been a
focal point for research on energy and environmental policy at MIT. CEEPR promotes …

In response to the recent energy crisis, the European Commission proposed two-way
Contracts for Differences (CfDs) to secure renewable energy investments and protect …

In an environment of record-breaking electricity prices driven by a gas supply shock and
below-average electricity generation, reforming the design of the European electricity market …

Executive summary Meeting Europe's 2030 climate targets will require massive clean-
electricity investment. To facilitate these investments, state-backed de-risking schemes such …

Typically, solar power is offered for price bids at the level of their near zero marginal costs to
electricity markets. While aggregate effects of this behaviour on prices (merit-order effect) …