The insects are a hyperdiverse class containing more species than all other animal groups
combined—and many employ venom to capture prey, deter predators and micro-organisms …

Among venomous animals, Hymenoptera have been suggested as a rich source of natural
toxins. Due to their broad ecological diversity, venom from Hymenoptera insects (bees …

Venoms are excellent model systems for studying evolutionary processes associated with
predator–prey interactions. Here, we present the discovery of a peptide toxin, MIITX2-Mg1a …

Using an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we characterized the venom
peptidome of the European red ant, Manica rubida. We identified 13 “myrmicitoxins” that …

Hymenopterans are an untapped source of venom secretions. Their recent proteo-
transcriptomic studies have revealed an extraordinary pool of toxins that participate in …

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data from NOESY (nuclear Overhauser enhancement
spectroscopy) and ROESY (rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) …

Ants are among the most abundant terrestrial invertebrate predators on Earth. To overwhelm
their prey, they employ several remarkable behavioral, physiological, and biochemical …

Among ants, Myrmicinae represents the most speciose subfamily. The venom composition
previously described for these social insects is extremely variable, with alkaloids …

Abstract Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) play an important role in the pharmacological and
food industry due to their therapeutic and nutritional properties. Being the most abundant …

In the face of increasing drug resistance, the development of new anthelmintics is critical for
controlling nematodes that parasitise livestock. Although hymenopteran venom toxins have …