Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with several human infections, mainly related to
healthcare services. In the hospital, it is associated with resistance to several antibiotics …

The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor for a wide range of microorganisms that cause
chronic infections. The multifactorial nature of biofilm development and drug tolerance …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major health challenge that causes recalcitrant multidrug-
resistant infections, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. P …

The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that
regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch …

Biofilms have conventionally been perceived as dense bacterial masses on surfaces,
following the five-step model of development. Initial biofilm research focused on surface …

Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a
self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other …

Highlights•At least three types of “escapes” or ways for bacteria to leave the biofilm are
known.•Types of escapes are referred to as desorption, detachment, and …

Bacteria assume distinct lifestyles during the planktonic and biofilm modes of growth.
Increased levels of the intracellular messenger c-di-GMP determine the transition from …

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a concerning threat in hospital-
acquired infections and for cystic fibrosis patients. The major problem leading to high …