Institutional review boards (IRBs) or research ethics committees provide a core protection for
human research participants through advance and periodic independent review of the …

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are integral to the US system of protection of human
research participants. Evaluation of IRBs, although difficult, is essential. To date, no …

Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science,
data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell …

Research with human subjects 1 exemplifies the perennial conflict between the good of the
individual and the good of society. Policies and procedures that protect the rights and …

Institutional review boards, tasked with facilitating ethical research, are often pulled in
competing directions. In what we call the protection-inclusion dilemma, we acknowledge the …

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that many pregnant women are affected by a range of
serious health conditions and take medications for these conditions, there is widespread …

Turning principles into practice is one of the most pressing challenges of artificial
intelligence (AI) governance. In this Perspective, we reflect on a governance initiative by one …

Changes in small bowel function early in infancy in developing countries are increasingly
being demonstrated, probably accompanied by altered mucosal architecture in most …

There are several features of genetic and genomic research that challenge established
norms of informed consent. In this paper, we discuss these challenges, explore specific …

Epidemiological surveys measuring the prevalence of child maltreatment generate essential
knowledge that is required to enhance human rights, promote gender equality, and reduce …